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\begin{document}

             \author[1]{  M.Riyajoddin}

             \affil[1]{  CMR Institute of Technology Hyderabad}

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\date{\small \em Received: 13 December 2013 Accepted: 2 January 2014 Published: 15 January 2014}

\maketitle


\begin{abstract}
        


In recent technological development people are experiencing unprecedentedly data explosion, reading, writing, and collecting different kinds of information from local computer and the global Web. As such most of the times during web search peoples revisit information that have ever been come across occasionally or intentionally. But in most of the cased users do not know enough information, while refinding is a more directed process as users have already seen the information before. A general way to support information refinding is to maintain access logs, recording what users have ever seen based on their revisit frequencies. This survey paper gives the different techniques for context based information refinding systems with intent to give the direction of the my project work with improved context based information refinding system.

\end{abstract}


\keywords{information refinding, context cue, refinding queries.}

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\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 
\section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par
he World Wide has been dramatically increased due to the usage of internet. The web acts as a medium where large amount of information can be obtained at lower cost. Web mining can be defined as the discovery and analysis of useful information from the World Wide Web data. It is one of the data mining techniques to automatically extract the information from web documents. WWW provides a rich set of data for data mining. The web is dynamic and very high dimensionality. A web page contains three forms of data, structured, unstructured and semi structured data. Data sets available in the web can be very large and occupy ten to hundreds of terabytes, need a large farm of servers. The user are collecting different kinds of information from the global web for both read and writing purpose. In the global web, search is an important activity then only considered to an email. Tremendous growth of web, every second millions of information added in the global web. Users are finding and refinding the web information in the global web everyday \hyperref[b8]{[9]}. People revisit the information that have ever been come across occasionally or intentionally. Refindng web pages is typically better than to initially finding the webpage. Achieving efficient and accurate information retrieval is a challenging task. Refinding is a common task is difficult when previously viewed information is modified, moved or removed. How information refinding is different from information finding? There is a uncertainty in the later process because users do not know get enough information, while information refinding is a more directed process as users have already seen the information before. Information refinding is not the process of finding again \hyperref[b6]{[7]}. A general way to support information refinding is to maintain access log \hyperref[b9]{[10]}, recording what users have ever seen based on their revisit frequencies. When refinding, users might prefer to have a search the results prioritized by pages that have been seen before. One way to refinding the information using contextual cues \hyperref[b2]{[3]}[2], inspired from the human memory approach. \hyperref[b7]{[8]}.\par
The people use lot of keywords to search the information. To remember the keyword after a few months ago what we have seen before it is difficult and time consuming task. Because original queries were wrongly remembered most of that time due to their loss of memory. According to cognitive science literature, human memory is predicted on contextual cues to refinding the information.\par
To get the information for users query exactly even a month or year ago hard to remember that keyword. But the time, place and concurrent activity associated with the happening of that access event may leave a deeper impression. Contextual information could helps as powerful clues to remember the key word. Contextual clues helps to users have seen the already viewed information.\par
Nivethitha (2014) suggested a query analysis for efficient context-based information refinding and page ranking system. Refinding what have done before is a common behavior of human in real life. According to the human natural recall characteristics, users allow to refinding web pages which have seen before. Psycological studies show under which information was accessed can helps as a powerful cue for information recall. Here context including time, place and concurrent activity could serves as a useful information recall clues. In this system not only considered finding the refinding queries. But also implement feedback system, so that webpage can be ranked by the multiple user feedback.\par
Deng et.al. (  {\ref 2013}) have worked extensively and suggested a effective method for refinding the information fro m the web, they could not remember the   {\ref 2005}) had done a detailed analysis and present an extension to traditional bookmarks called landmarks, a user-directed technique that aid users in returning to specific content within a previously visited webpage. The use of traditional bookmarks allows users to return to a previously visited page, it can be hard to re-find facts within that page. Here we investigate the efficiency of land marks for refinding of information on web-pages. Land mark allow users to mark information on a webpage that they may want to return to a later date by highlighting the text and adding a landmark in the same fashion as they would a favorite in IE. Land marks are not meant as a replacement for the bookmarking facility but as an enhancement that help users return directly to previously visited information, giving context to the marked pages.\par
Hailpern et al.  {\ref (2011)} found that during recall tasks, contextual cues are important component of human memo ry. In this paper they present new interaction technique, pivoting, that allows users to search for contextually related activities and find target piece of information. You Pivot demonstrates how principles of human memo ry can be applied to enhance the search of digital information. Contextual cues could be one way to improve in formation recall in our digital lives. You Pivot used the calendar entry's lifespan as the pivot time period. Time Marks allowing a user to access all activity that was ongoing at a particular moment.\par
Parsons et.al.  {\ref (2009)} extensively worked and suggested a keyword-based information retrieval technique and suggested that the performance can be improved by re-ranking the results based on the context provided by the surrounding terms. A baseline technique was compared against two LSA techniques, and an analysis of the retrieved documents indicated that the re-ranking provided by the LSA techniques significantly improved the efficiency of the retrieved list. However, the participants' performance was not altered by the different techniques. Instead, the findings suggest that, when dealing with a small number of documents, participants will generally access all documents retrieved in a systematic manner. It is therefore hypothesised that the re-ranking technique would be more useful in a significantly larger document collection, where a thorough assessment of all documents is impractical.\par
This study has also emphasized the importance of assessing the impact of individual differences in any information retrieval system. For example, it was found that LSA did improve performance for participants with lower scores on the comprehension test.    
\section[{Global Journal of Computer}]{Global Journal of Computer} 
\section[{Conclusion}]{Conclusion}\par
We have studied the comparison of various papers of context based information refinding. The aim of this study was how the results of the information retrieval technique to efficiently refinding the web information could be improved by contextual cues shown in above table.  
\section[{Global}]{Global}\begin{figure}[htbp]
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\caption{\label{fig_0}G}\end{figure}
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\noindent\textbf{:} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.006761363636363636\textwidth}P{0.09272727272727271\textwidth}P{0.000643939393939394\textwidth}P{0.11204545454545453\textwidth}P{0.0038636363636363634\textwidth}P{0.23117424242424242\textwidth}P{0.012556818181818181\textwidth}P{0.009659090909090909\textwidth}P{0.03831439393939394\textwidth}P{0.1918939393939394\textwidth}P{0.04732954545454545\textwidth}P{0.09337121212121212\textwidth}P{0.009337121212121212\textwidth}P{0.000321969696969697\textwidth}}
Reference\tabcellsep Author\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Paper Title}\tabcellsep Issues\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Method\tabcellsep Result\tabcellsep Drawbacks\\
Number\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{(Refinding)}\\
2\tabcellsep A.P. Nivethitha\tabcellsep \tabcellsep Efficient\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{To build recall}\tabcellsep Re-finder\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Efficiently revisit of}\tabcellsep All the user not\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{context based}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{based query}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep and page\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{the web page using}\tabcellsep given\tabcellsep the\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{information re-}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{model to re-find}\tabcellsep ranking\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{contextual cues and}\tabcellsep feedback. So\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{-finding and}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{the information}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{multi user feedback.}\tabcellsep cannot ranking\\
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\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{cues and feedback}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep properly.\\
3\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Tangjian Liang Zhao, Hao Deng, Wang, Qingwei}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Refinder: context-based A information}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{visited by the user. To build query-by context model, Context are the}\tabcellsep A context based Re-finder\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{On average 15.53 seconds are needed to refinder complete}\tabcellsep In Refinder, not implement user feedback for\tabcellsep Year 2014\\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Liu, and Ling Feng}\tabcellsep refinding\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{powerful}\tabcellsep cue\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{the refinding request}\tabcellsep visited\tabcellsep web\\
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4\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{S. Won, J. Jin, and}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Contextual}\tabcellsep To\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{develop}\tabcellsep Contextual\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Greatly reduced the}\tabcellsep In CWH, re-\\
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\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Using visual}\tabcellsep History\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{(CWH)}\tabcellsep History\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{required to refinding}\tabcellsep webpage older\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep and\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{improves}\tabcellsep the\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{the web pages.}\tabcellsep than x days too\\
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\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep cues\tabcellsep to\tabcellsep history\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{feature}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep the user to\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{improve Web}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{helps people find}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep browse.\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Browser\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{previously visited}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep History\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{web pages.}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
5\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{B. MacKay, M.}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{An Evaluation}\tabcellsep To\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{implement}\tabcellsep Landmark\tabcellsep Using\tabcellsep Landmarks\tabcellsep The users can\\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Kellar, and C.}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{of Landmarks}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{Landmark which is}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{revisit the webpage}\tabcellsep only\tabcellsep make\\
\tabcellsep Watters\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{for Re-finding}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{an extension of}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{significantly faster.}\tabcellsep landmarks for\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Information on}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{traditional}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep textual\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep the Web\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{bookmarks.}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep information, not\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{Landmark is a}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep expand\tabcellsep this\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{user-directed}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep functionality to\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{technique that aids}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep include images\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{users in returning}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep and\tabcellsep other\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{to specific content}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep media.\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{within previously}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{visited webpage}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
6\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{J. Hailpern, N.}\tabcellsep You\tabcellsep Pivot:\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{To allow users to}\tabcellsep You Pivot\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Using You Pivot}\tabcellsep Users\tabcellsep own\\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Jitkoff, A. Warr, R.}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Improving}\tabcellsep search\tabcellsep \tabcellsep for\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{greatly improve the}\tabcellsep contextual cues\\
\tabcellsep Karahalios,\tabcellsep K.\tabcellsep Recall\tabcellsep with\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{contextual related}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{quality and speed of}\tabcellsep is difficult to\\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Sesek, and N.}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Contextual}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{activities}\tabcellsep (using\tabcellsep \tabcellsep recall\tabcellsep design\\
\tabcellsep Shkrob\tabcellsep \tabcellsep Search\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{time marks) and}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{find a target piece}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep of\tabcellsep \tabcellsep digital\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{information.}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
7\tabcellsep Kathryn Parsons,\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{The Use of a}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{The aim of this}\tabcellsep Latent\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{This study therefore}\tabcellsep LSA are unlikely\\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Agata McCormac,}\tabcellsep Context-\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{study was to}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep Semantic\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{highlights the}\tabcellsep to be\\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Marcus Butavicius,}\tabcellsep Based\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{examine whether}\tabcellsep Analysis\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{importance of}\tabcellsep necessary in\\
\tabcellsep Simon Dennis*\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Information}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{the results}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep (LSA)\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{testing the influence}\tabcellsep relatively small\\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{and Lael Ferguson}\tabcellsep Retrieval\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{provided by a}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{of individual}\tabcellsep document\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Technique}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{keyword based}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{differences on any IR}\tabcellsep collections\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{technique would}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{system, and the}\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{be improved}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{importance of}\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{through the use of}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{testing any IR tool on}\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{two LSA}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{a population}\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{techniques.}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{that closely reflects}\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{the intended users}\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{of the system.}\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_0}Table :}\end{figure}
 			\footnote{© 2014 Global Journals Inc. (US) 2 Year 2014} 			\footnote{© 2014 Global Journals Inc. (US)} 			\footnote{© 2014 Global Journals Inc. (US) 4 Year 2014} 		 		\backmatter  			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
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\end{document}
