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\begin{document}

             \author[1]{M  Prasanth}

             \affil[1]{  KL University}

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\date{\small \em Received: 12 February 2015 Accepted: 2 March 2015 Published: 15 March 2015}

\maketitle


\begin{abstract}
        


This project aims at creating an effective automated traffic control system to prevent ambulances/emergency service vehicles from getting caught up in traffic, there by decreasing hindrances to vital services both in regular and critical situations. The system is implemented by using the Zig Bee wireless communication protocol for wireless communication, IR speed sensors, GPS technology, secure protocols and analytics to create a smart, secure, energy efficient and a cost-effective solution thus making it a practical solution.

\end{abstract}


\keywords{traffic, ambulance, emergency, automated, wireless sensor networks (WSN), strategic locations.}

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\textcolor{GJBlue}{\footnotesize \\ Artificial Intelligence formulated this projection for compatibility purposes from the original article published at Global Journals. However, this technology is currently in beta. \emph{Therefore, kindly ignore odd layouts, missed formulae, text, tables, or figures.}}
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\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 
\section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par
e are much aware of the fact that ambulances and various other emergency services get disrupted by getting caught up in traffic. On an average each ambulance/fire-engine takes over 28 \% more time and in the case of cities and urban areas delays could even go as far as up to 1-2 hours regardless of distance to destination. Establishing proper coordination among authorities at all times is neither possible nor feasible, apart from this due to increased dependence on electronic and wireless systems there is the threat of undesired intrusions. Hence a smart, reliable and autonomous traffic control system is required to prevent the loss of many lives/collateral delays.\par
On thorough, systematic evaluation of the problem we made the following observationsambulances/emergency service vehicles get caught up in traffic due to taking less favorable (e.g. traffic prone) owing to the drivers' lack of knowledge and also because those on the roads are unaware/unguided of an ambulance/emergency service vehicle approaching and the actions needed to be taken in order to make way for them. 
\section[{II.}]{II.} 
\section[{Design}]{Design}\par
Through the analysis of the problem it has been decided to solve the problem in two parts-the first part of the problem i.e. drivers' awareness of approaching ambulance/emergency service vehicles and information for necessary measures/actions to be taken is solved by using the RF-Transceivers and a additional sensor on the ambulance that transmits its location on the road to nearby traffic-signal posts fitted with systems to react accordingly by warning and diverting traffic to make way for the ambulance/emergency service vehicle.\par
The communication between the ambulances /emergency service vehicles and device at signal posts is done via RF signals using a secured low-power Zig bee wireless transmission protocol, a technology with proven ease of deployment, functionality and costeffectiveness.\par
The second part of the problem i.e. choosing the most favorable route is solved by gathering roadspecific and other custom data of traffic conditions from various sensors (IR etc.)fixed at several strategic locations along the roads. The data obtained is then analyzed for information and searched for patterns to obtain a list of best routes (represented in colors based on traffic intensity, distance etc.) to guide the drivers at real-time assisted with in-vehicle GPS system. 
\section[{III. Module 1}]{III. Module 1}\par
The first part i.e., system to prevent ambulances/emergency service vehicles from getting caught up in traffic due to fellow drivers' lack of awareness/guidance is realized by using this method .The construction of this module include two pairs of RF transceivers of different frequencies say TX1-RX1-433MHz and another pair say TX-RX2-836 MHz for communication between signal posts and ambulances/emergency service vehicles. By using the two frequency pairs of RF trans receivers the protocol will be more secure.  The above is the traffic post module which is fitted at the traffic junctions it uses another transceiver say TX2-RX1-836/433 MHz for sending and receiving signals between the ambulance and traffic post. The master unit uses an 8051 microcontroller for processing which is connected to the traffic controller that acts as a slave. When an interrupt is generated by an emergency vehicle the master unit will disable the slave (traffic controller) and it takes control over the whole action.\par
IV. 
\section[{Module 2}]{Module 2}\par
The second part i.e., system to help the ambulance/emergency service vehicle driver choose the most favorable route is realized by placing IR/speed sensors at strategic positions and infrared sensors to detect speed of vehicles, traffic intensity all connected by an ad-hoc network. The data is then processed and with analytics the most favorable route is calculated based on the ambulance/emergency service vehicle's current location obtained through GPS and shown to the driver as routes color-coded in order of time taken on his on-board device. The above setup shows the WSN nodes set at strategically located hoardings/traffic posts used to collect data that is sent to the host controller at the control room for further action. 
\section[{Figure 1.2.2 : Establishing Network Connections}]{Figure 1.2.2 : Establishing Network Connections}\par
The above setup shows the network patternvarious clusters of the WSN nodes, each member node is a place where sensors are fixed for calculating the speed. The data will be transmitted from all member nodes to the cluster node through wireless network established between them the cluster heads act as a common terminal connected to the WSN nodes via Ethernet connections which are connected to the central point at the control room.\par
V. 
\section[{Working a) Implementation the first module}]{Working a) Implementation the first module}\par
The working of the automated traffic control system for emergency services is such that, the vehicle at time of dispatch sends its unique id, location(junction id) and direction in the form of a code word from the ambulance to the system fixed at the traffic posts the microcontroller checks the unique id with the look up tables stored in the memory and checks the junction id when the data bits are matched the authorization is sanctioned and the traffic is cleared according to the direction in which the ambulance is stuck\par
Using the data other vehicles on the road are affectively guided to make way for the emergency service vehicles by giving appropriate signals.\par
Apart from this the ambulance/ emergency service vehicle drivers get a mapping of the most favorable routes on their LCD screens with driving instructions.\par
Coming to the working of the encoding system, the module at the ambulance/emergency service vehicle sends a 16-bit codeword consisting of its unique id, junction id, direction value, parity bits as shown below, 16 bits i.e. 1 word This is implemented using acknowledgement based approach Ping1: first the unique ambulance id with the junction's unique code is transmitted through the rf tx under 433 mhz which is received by the rf rx and process the data bits accordingly and will give the acknowledgement. Depending upon the received acknowledgment the direction bits or the resending (pinging again) are sent to let the system know in which direction it has to clear the traffic or what functionality it has to perform. 
\section[{Ambulance identification bits + junction + direction bits Identification bits}]{Ambulance identification bits + junction + direction bits Identification bits}\par
Ack 1: The ack is based on the output of the processes data if suppose the bits are matched then the ack will be accepting   The presence of an ambulance is first detected by the sensor/detector at the junction and communicates with the ambulance after the authorization is sanctioned the route will be cleared automatically without human operation.  
\section[{b) Implementation of second module}]{b) Implementation of second module}\par
The WSN, IR sensors mounted on strategic locations such as this hoarding. This collection of data is through a network of clusters containing member nodes and a cluster head to which the data is sent shown in the fig1.2.2.The clusters are connected to a common host network at the control room. The internal and external connections are via Ethernet.\par
As shown above Fig 2  {\ref .}2.1 the WSN, IR sensor pairs are used to calculate speed of moving vehicles, frequency of moving vehicles etc. used to determine the most favorable path. 
\section[{c) Speed Calculation}]{c) Speed Calculation}\par
The speed of moving vehicles is determined by dividing an average car length value by the time obtained from an IR sensor pair. Whenever the beam cuts the timer in the 8051microcontroller will start and value will be noted till the beam rejoins  The speed of the vehicles moving on a road is found using sensors, the data taken from those sensors are moved to control point further computations are done on the data acquired to find an average value and is compared with the theoretical value stated in the table 3.1 and the relevant color-coding is given to that road in the maps which can be viewed in the LCD screen by the driver in the ambulance to choose the most favorable route  The roads, colored in green and yellow are the routes that the ambulance has to choose and avoid the red colored routes VI. 
\section[{Security}]{Security}\par
Being a vital, heavily used system it has the potential to be manipulated/exploited/hacked by hackers and other anti-social elements. This problem is solved by using fool-proof secure protocols and cryptography while processing signals. A secure protocol consists of the encryption algorithm applied to conceal the message from attackers.\par
The encryption cipher used in a protocol is very important such that even the data is stolen he may not find the patterns to use it. The cipher must be small size, consume less power and provide satisfactory level of security the Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA) seems to be optimal block ciphers notable for their simplicity of description and implementation typically a few lines of code and most suitable for implementation in tiny microcontrollers.\par
We have implemented this using 8051 microcontroller which executes instructions in two clock cycles. It has 4 kB -erasable Flash code memory, 128byte RAM data memory, high-accuracy internal RC oscillator and several system-level functions just perfect for the requirements of low cost, and less power consuming device. When compiled, the cipher occupies 218 bytes of code Decipher needs 224 bytes of code and runs for little more than the encryption.\par
The protocol itself is much secure it's hard penetrate or hack. Moreover, by using this tiny encryption algorithm (TEA), it adds greater benefit for the safety of the system and the whole process like data transmission and communication. 
\section[{VII.}]{VII.} 
\section[{Conclusion}]{Conclusion}\par
This solution can be used to prevent greatly the interruption of ambulances and other emergency services, ensure in-time reach of emergency services and not to mention it could greatly improve the chances of survival of patients/victims thus preventing irrecoverable or collateral damages as is the case. This is highly effective when implemented in cities and urban areas. 
\section[{VIII.}]{VIII.} 
\section[{Summary}]{Summary}\par
This is a project with the aim to minimize the time taken by ambulances/VIP/emergency service vehicles in reaching their intended destinations, aiming to prevent deaths and collateral damage due to untimely arrival.\par
A highly efficient, elegant and cost-effective system has been devised using various advanced, reliable, secure technologies as the solution for the problem discussed.\begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1}\includegraphics[]{image-2.png}
\caption{\label{fig_0}Figure 1}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1}\includegraphics[]{image-3.png}
\caption{\label{fig_1}Figure 1}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1}\includegraphics[]{image-4.png}
\caption{\label{fig_2}Figure 1}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-5.png}
\caption{\label{fig_4}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{2}\includegraphics[]{image-6.png}
\caption{\label{fig_5}Figure 2}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{2}\includegraphics[]{image-7.png}
\caption{\label{fig_6}Figure 2}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{3}\includegraphics[]{image-8.png}
\caption{\label{fig_7}Figure 2.1. 3 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{2}\includegraphics[]{image-9.png}
\caption{\label{fig_8}Figure 2}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-10.png}
\caption{\label{fig_9}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{31}\includegraphics[]{image-11.png}
\caption{\label{fig_10}Figure 3 . 1 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{32}\includegraphics[]{image-12.png}
\caption{\label{fig_11}Figure 3 . 2 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{3} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.5852459016393442\textwidth}P{0.2647540983606557\textwidth}}
\multicolumn{2}{l}{1 : Theoretical Values}\\
SPEED(KM)\tabcellsep COLOR\\
>60\tabcellsep Green\\
40-30\tabcellsep Yellow\\
<30\tabcellsep Red\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_0}Table 3 .}\end{figure}
 			\footnote{© 2015 Global Journals Inc. (US)} 			\footnote{© 2015 Global Journals Inc. (US) 1} 		 		\backmatter  			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
\bibitem[The 8051 Microcontroller by Kenneth J Ayala 5. Embedded Systems Architecture, Programming and Design by Raj kamal]{b0}\label{b0} 	 		\textit{The 8051 Microcontroller by Kenneth J Ayala 5. Embedded Systems Architecture, Programming and Design by Raj kamal},  		 \url{http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive\textunderscore infrared\textunderscore sensor4}  		 	 
\end{bibitemlist}
 			 		 	 
\end{document}
