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             \author[1]{ga  Adegboye}

             \affil[1]{  Achievers University Owo}

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\date{\small \em Received: 15 April 2015 Accepted: 3 May 2015 Published: 15 May 2015}

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\begin{abstract}
        


Internet and its facilities facilitate on-line shopping by allowing shoppers to browse the online stores and obtain their needs with minimum effort. This is not possible with familiar traditional system of buying and selling. This advantage offered by the internet is restricted by issue arising from on-line security and payment systems. Although research has been conducted and several approaches have been devised to reduce this restriction but there is need for further improvement. As a result, this research work proposes a new solution that combines biometrics technology (Finger Print) together with (password) to provide secure on line transaction through multiple factors security solution. It makes, verifying process and verification for shopper?s identity more secured by recognize individual based on measurable biological characteristics (Fingerprint) and provision of a link to identify the authorized user, this minimizes frauds. This addresses and reduced the security problems that are associated with existing on line transaction and e-payments. The design was implemented using Visual Basic.Net and SQL because of their supports for implementing web-based security systems. Samples of (130) on line shoppers were used for this research work to capture fingerprints from index and thumb fingers of left and right hands, also the attitudes of the customers in terms of password selection and management.

\end{abstract}


\keywords{password, security, e-payment, fingerprint, biometric technology, on line transaction and shopper.}

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\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 
\section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par
odern software application computer programs enable ones to carry out on-line transaction irrespective of location and time, however, the issue arising from Security and payment systems like "the use of spyware and virus that allows usernames and passwords to be stolen for unauthorized access are impeding the adoption of these online applications especially those involving sensitive data like financial transactions" \hyperref[b9]{(Stavrou et al, 2002)}.\par
According to \hyperref[b2]{(Chandra and Calderon, 2005;} {\ref Költzsch, 2008)}, "extra security measures are needed in order to protect consumers from on-line fraud and Biometric technology is increasingly being seen as a potential solution that will adequate address this problem", also \hyperref[b4]{(Jain et al, 2000} and Gunajit and Pranav, 2010) point out that "Biometrics provide very powerful tools for the problems requiring positive identification and provide enabling technology that have potential to make our society safer, reduce fraud and lead to user convenience".\par
Compared to other security measures, application of biometric technology may provide a better method to curb on line fraud, since it uses certain physical and behavioral traits that are distinctive to an individual to identify and verify the person through authentication; other forms of authentication methods have presented problems of improper authentication to users, for adequate on-line data protection and authentication, there is need to offer improved solution through biometric system (Shouvik et at, 2012,P.4,Okediran O. O., et al 2014, P. 2).\par
According to (Selina and Oruh, 2012), "Institutions offering Internet-based products and services to their customers should use effective methods to authenticate the identity of customers using those products and services", also (Amtul, 2011) affirmed that "fingerprint technology in particular, can provide a much more accurate and reliable user authentication method". This research work has detailed the development of a biometric identification scheme something you have (fingerprint) combined with something you know (password) for electronic payment. The combined strengths of these scheme present computer users a secure and usable authentication scheme, that reduces fraudulent practices in the payment of on line transaction payment and provides better solution. 
\section[{II.}]{II.} 
\section[{Review of Existing on Line Payment Methods a) Online cash systems}]{Review of Existing on Line Payment Methods a) Online cash systems}\par
Online cash systems such as Virtual BBVA in Spain and PAY offered by SNAP in Italy, Austria and Australia have been designed and implemented. The wider usage of these on-line cash payment system is limited because of inability to secure on-line payments and transaction process over the internet making user inconvenience. 
\section[{b) Debit cards, otherwise called ATM cards}]{b) Debit cards, otherwise called ATM cards}\par
Debit cards, otherwise called ATM cards are still the most common e-banking product used by most Nigerians. It is of great importance for all economic agents, since it enables fast and efficient payments in the national economy as well as internationally. The ability to complete payments with confidence is critical to the efficient functioning of the on-line electronic transaction and this efficiency has not been fully achieved due to existence of the various forms of crimes such as fraud and identity theft problems that are affecting on-line payment. Figure \hyperref[fig_0]{1} shows ATM card. 
\section[{c) Online Credit Card Payment System}]{c) Online Credit Card Payment System}\par
According to \hyperref[b5]{(Laudon and Traver, 2002)},"This payment system has been widely accepted by consumers and merchants throughout the world, and the most popular methods of payments especially in the retail markets". It offers several advantages over the traditional modes of payment; the consumers and merchants still faced challenges of third party involvement. Figure \hyperref[fig_1]{2} shows Credit Card Payment Form. 
\section[{d) Electronic Cheque Payment System}]{d) Electronic Cheque Payment System}\par
Digital cheque payment system seeks to extend the functionality of existing chequing accounts for use as online shopping payment tools. Electronic cheque system has many advantages: (1) they do not require consumers to reveal account information to other individuals when setting an auction (2) they do not require consumers to continually send sensitive financial information over the web (3) they are less expensive than credit cards and (4) they are much faster than paper based traditional cheque. The disadvantage of electronic cheque system includes their relatively high fixed costs, their limited use only in virtual world and the fact that they cannot protect the users' anonymity.  unwilling to adopt either system, let alone other smart card system. Therefore, establishing a standard smart card system, or making different system interoperable with one another is critical success factors for smart card based payment system.  The proposed model gives the flexibility to perform any online payment or transaction, the model is based on, three-tier security comprising the Password, provided link and finger print. The architecture aims to, makes, online payment or transaction verifying process and verification for shopper's identity more secured as much as possible. The user will be presented with a registration page for first time of use, after his registration, he will be required to scan his finger print, which will then be submitted into the fingerprint database through provided link. For subsequently use the consumer, log into his system (PC/Laptop/Phone) using (PINS), then do fingerprint using fingerprint device and send the captured information via a provided link, he browses, the online stores, when he is ready to pay for his shopping, the on line-store contacts his bank and the bank, compared his captured fingerprint to a compact and expressive digital representation of the user fingerprints already stored as a template on a cloud database. If a match is found and the user has enough fund is granted to carry out the on line transaction payment, deduction is made from the consumer's account , otherwise, the payment is denied, which ever case an applicable information is send to the consumer and the on line store to respond as appropriate.\par
IV. 
\section[{Implementation and Results}]{Implementation and Results}\par
Hypertext markup language was employed in the Microsoft visual studio integrated development environment. The overall system was developed on the Microsoft.NET framework using Visual Studio.NET (visual C\#) and MS SQL Server 2008. Samples of (130) on line shoppers were used for this research work to capture fingerprints from index and thumb fingers of left and right hands, also the attitudes of the customers in terms of password selection and management. Some of the graphical user interface of the developed system is depicted in Figures \hyperref[fig_1]{2 -5}. The empirical results reveal more than 80\% password management practices and above 85\% of fingerprint recognition rate. The combined strengths of this scheme present on line shoppers a secure and usable authentication scheme.  The descriptive survey design was adopted which involved the collection of primary and cross sectional data through the use of a structured questionnaire. A preliminary study visit was made to a community-Based ICT Centre Ewekoro Abeokuta Nigeria in April 2015 to find out about the feasibility of the study. The sample frame for this study comprised exhaustive list of the ICT Centre units. The purposive sampling method was adopted in selecting the respondents so as to ensure that selected individuals were those that had adequate knowledge of online shopping. 
\section[{b) Instrument for Data Collection}]{b) Instrument for Data Collection}\par
Data were collected with a structured questionnaire designed in a four point Like scale, comprised four sections: Section A elicited information about units in the ICT Centre. Section B asked questions about ICT resources available in each Unit. While section C sought to ascertain the stage of ICT Global Standard in the Centre. Section D, the last section, contained questions that enquired about the challenges encountered by the units in the ICT online transaction adoption and implementation processes. The instrument was validated through face and content validity. It was subjected to thorough scrutiny by three experts in Biometric System research and two others in the field of password selection and management. Modifications were made on the instrument based on their assessments. Copies of the questionnaire were distributed to the respondents by the researchers who had initially sought the permission of the Director of the ICT Centre. A total of 135 copies of the questionnaire were distributed but 130 copies were completed and returned. This constituted 96.30\% and was used for data analyses. 
\section[{c) Data Analysis}]{c) Data Analysis}\par
The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software was used to carry out the analysis. The variables used to assess the Secure On-Line Transaction Augmented Biometrics System using 4point like scale was re-coded. Strongly Agree and Agree were re-coded as high while disagree and strongly Disagree were re-coded as Low. Next, a frequency distribution table was generated for all the variables.   The distribution of variables as relates to the Secure Augmented Biometrics System is as presented in table 1.The Password selection and Password management are more than 80\%,this may due to initial training giving to the user concerned password protection. While Finger Print (Index and Thumb) recorded more than 85 \% .Operational efficiency is more than 85\% this is owed to ease of use that make user to easily acquired sufficient knowledge and skills on the use of the system and can result to increase in number of on-line transaction. A total of 135 copies of the questionnaire were distributed to Participants but 130 copies were completed and returned. The system shows 130/135 (96.30\%) participation. From the evaluation, we can conclude that the Secure Augmented Biometrics System is highly efficient, effective and satisfactory to the target users (On-line shoppers). 
\section[{Year ( )}]{Year ( )}\par
Internet shopping, unlike traditional retailing systems shoppers browse the online stores and obtain their needs with minimum effort. Internet shopping has been one of the mostly used facilities of the Internet. Security in online shopping and payment systems has been a wide research area since the early days of the Internet and several approaches have been devised. This research work proposes a new solution that combines password with finger print recognition. The Password selection and Password management are more than 80\%, this may due to initial training giving to the user concerned password protection. While Finger Print (Index and Thumb) recorded more than 85 \% .Operational efficiency is more than 85\% this is due to ease of use that makes user to easily gained sufficient knowledge and skills on the use of the system this will increase on line shopping and mobile payments for goods and services through online transaction when the system is fully adopted. The system shows 130/135 (96.30\%) participation. From the evaluation, we can conclude that the Secure Augmented Biometrics System is highly efficient, effective and satisfactory to the target users (On-line shoppers). It makes, verifying process and verification for consumer identity more secured by recognize individual based on measurable biological characteristics (Fingerprint) and provision of a link to identify the authorized user, this minimizes frauds. The result of this research work has demonstrated that finger print uniqueness provides adequate authentication. In this work, will combine text based password and biometrics (finger Print), the combined strengths of these scheme present on line shoppers a secure and usable authentication scheme. Although the on line shopping was used in this research work, it can be apply to perform airline ticket booking; do financial deals like pay bills via internet banking and online brokering to buy shares.\begin{figure}[htbp]
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\caption{\label{fig_5}Figure 5 : 10 Global}\end{figure}
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 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.05543478260869565\textwidth}P{0.09239130434782608\textwidth}P{0.04619565217391304\textwidth}P{0.09239130434782608\textwidth}P{0.04619565217391304\textwidth}P{0.13550724637681158\textwidth}P{0.04619565217391304\textwidth}P{0.13858695652173914\textwidth}P{0.04619565217391304\textwidth}P{0.10471014492753623\textwidth}P{0.04619565217391304\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{FINGERPRINT}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{FINGERPRINT}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{PASSWORD}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{PASSWORD}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{LEFT( index and}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{RIGHT( index}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{OPERATIONAL}\\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{SELECTION}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{MANAGEMENT}\tabcellsep thumb)\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{and thumb)}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{EFFICIENCY}\\
\tabcellsep Freq.\tabcellsep \%\tabcellsep Freq\tabcellsep \%\tabcellsep Freq\tabcellsep \%\tabcellsep Freq\tabcellsep \%\tabcellsep Freq.\tabcellsep \%\\
Valid Low\tabcellsep 20\tabcellsep 15.38\tabcellsep 23\tabcellsep 17.69\tabcellsep 16\tabcellsep 12.31\tabcellsep 15\tabcellsep 11.54\tabcellsep 18\tabcellsep 13.85\\
High\tabcellsep 110\tabcellsep 84.62\tabcellsep 107\tabcellsep 82.31\tabcellsep 114\tabcellsep 87.69\tabcellsep 115\tabcellsep 88.46\tabcellsep 112\tabcellsep 86.15\\
Total\tabcellsep 130\tabcellsep 100\tabcellsep 130\tabcellsep 100\tabcellsep 130\tabcellsep 100\tabcellsep 130\tabcellsep 100\tabcellsep 130\tabcellsep 100\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_0}Table 1 :}\end{figure}
 		 		\backmatter  			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
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\bibitem[Chakrabarti and Kardile ()]{b1}\label{b1} 	 		\textit{E-Commerce: The Asian Manager's Handbook},  		 			Rajesh Chakrabarti 		,  		 			Vikas Kardile 		.  		2002. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill.  	 
\bibitem[Oko and Oruh ()]{b7}\label{b7} 	 		‘Enhanced ATM security system using biometrics’.  		 			Selina Oko 		,  		 			Jane Oruh 		.  	 	 		\textit{International Journal of Computer Science Issues}  		2012. 9  (3)  p. .  	 
\bibitem[Jain et al. ()]{b4}\label{b4} 	 		‘Filterbank-based fingerprint matching’.  		 			A K Jain 		,  		 			S Prabhakar 		,  		 			L Hong 		,  		 			S Pankanti 		.  	 	 		\textit{IEEE Trans. on Image Processing}  		2000. p. .  	 
\bibitem[Sarma1 and Singh ()]{b3}\label{b3} 	 		‘Internet Banking: Risk Analysis and Applicability of Biometric Technology for Authentication’.  		 			Gunajit Sarma1 		,  		 			Pranav Kumar Singh 		.  	 	 		\textit{Int. J. Pure Appl. Sci. Technol}  		2010. 2010. 1  (2)  p. .  	 
\bibitem[Stavrou et al. ()]{b9}\label{b9} 	 		 			A Stavrou 		,  		 			P Benjamin 		,  		 			J May 		.  		\textit{E-Commerce and Poverty alleviation in},  				 (South Africa)  		2002.  	 
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\end{document}
